Showing posts with label Colon Ca. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Colon Ca. Show all posts

Wednesday, November 18, 2009

Colon Cancer Staging

Stage 1: T1N0 or T2N0
Stage 2: T3N0 or T4N0
Stage 3: Any T, N1 or 2
Stage 4: Any T, Any N, M1

T1: invades into submucosa
T2: invades into muscularis propria
T3: invades through muscularis propria into subserosa or non-peritonealized pericolonic tissue
T4: invades through serosa into adjacent organs

N0: 0 LN mets (min 12 LN sampled)
N1: 1-3 LN
N2: >=4 LN

Tuesday, November 17, 2009

Diagnostic Criteria for Lynch Syndrome

Amsterdam Criteria (3-2-1):
Amsterdam criteria was developed for research and therefore very specific criteria.
- 3 relatives with colon ca
- 2 generations
- 1 family member <50 yo

Modified Amsterdam and Bethesda criteria were subsequently developed to be further encompassing.

Modified Amsterdam Criteria:
- same as Amsterdam criteria but cancers can also include: colon, small bowel, ureter, renal pelvis and endometrial ca.

Bethesda Criteria:
Amsterdam criteria or
- 2 cases of HNPCC cancers in 1 pt, including synch or metach CRC
-  Colon CA and 1st deg relative with CA/adenoma (CA <45, adenoma <40)
-  Colon or endometrial CA <45
-  R sided colon CA with histo undiff, solid, cribiform, signet-cell <45
-  Adenoma <40

Risk of Cancer in IBD

Risk increases significatntly 8 years after pancolitis:

Therefore, recommendation is to begin colonscopic screening 8 years after the onset of pancolitis.
- In patients with left-sided colitis only, screening can begin 12-15 years after the onset of disease.

Haggitt Levels - Colonic Polyps

Describe invasion of invasive carcinoma in pedunculated colonic polyps.  The Kudo classification is used to describe invasion in sessile polyps.

Level 0 - CIS (carcinoma confined to mucosal layer)

Invasion through Lamina propria:
Level 1 - invasion into submucosa limited to head of polyp
Level 2 - invasion into submucosa extending to neck of polyp
Level 3 - invasion into submucosa extending to stalk of polyp
Level 4 - invasion beyond the stalk but above the muscularis propria

Indications for Surgical Management of Polyps after Polypectomy:
- Positive margins
- Piecemeal resection
- Lymphovascular invasion
- Poorly differentiated
- Haggit level 4
- Unable to resect endoscopically