- occurs predominantly in children >10
- males and females affected equally
Pathology:
- 70% are papillary or mixed-papillary-follicular carcinomas
- 18% are follicular
- 4-10% medullary
- 2-5% anaplastic
- hurthle and lymphoma are exceedingly rare in peds
Work-up:
- laryngoscopy to evaluate chords
- thyroid function, anti-thyroid antibody
- ultrasound
- technetium scan; in kids. Warm or. Cold nodules should both be treated as cold nodules, malignancy occurs in 14-40% of solid thyroid nodules in kids not just predominantly in cold nodules
- tissue diangosis: fna and if inconclusive then lobeactomy may be required
Prognosis:
- children with well differentiated thyroid cancer have a better prognosis than adults despite presentation with more advanced disease and high incidence of regional and distant metastases at time of presentation
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